AI and the Evolution of Narcotics Trafficking

Artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced technologies are changing how drug trafficking organizations operate. Cartels and affiliated criminal networks already use digital tools throughout the narcotics ecosystem to move drugs and illicit proceeds, coordinate operations, monitor law enforcement activity, and protect their enterprises. AI builds on this foundation by enabling new ways to analyze information, automate processes, enhance operational planning, and reduce the time and human effort required for certain activities.

 

This Emerging Risks White Paper examines how AI and advanced technologies are being incorporated across the narcotics supply chain and the implications for law enforcement and public safety. It explores technology use in precursor sourcing and production, smuggling and border operations, digital drug marketplaces, cryptocurrency-enabled money laundering, surveillance, and efforts to shield criminal activity from law enforcement detection. The paper distinguishes among documented practices, reported capabilities, and emerging applications for which evidence of operational use remains limited.

 

The recommendations outline practical steps agencies can take to better identify, assess, and respond to the evolving use of AI and advanced technologies by drug trafficking organizations while strengthening coordination and information sharing across investigative disciplines.

 

Acknowledgment: This Emerging Risks White Paper was developed by the Center for Internet Security (CIS) with review and input from the National HIDTA Assistance Center (NHAC), the National Sheriffs' Association (NSA) Drug Enforcement Committee, the National Narcotic Officers' Associations' Coalition (NNOAC), the National HIDTA Directors Association (NHDA), and the Major County Sheriffs of America (MCSA).